Scientific Papers in SCI
2025
2025
Reactividad de Sólidos
Unlocking synergistic benefits of the calcium looping-calcium hydroxide integration for energy storage: A perspective on sorbent performance
Arcenegui-Troya, J; Carro, A; Ortiz, C; Chacartegui, R; Perejón, A; Pérez-Maqueda, LA; Sánchez-Jiménez, PEChemical Engineering Journal, 504 (2025) 158775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.158775
Abstract
Calcium Looping has recently attracted attention as a high temperature thermochemical energy storage system. However, significant sintering due to the high temperatures hampers the recyclability of CaO. Hydration and hydroxylation has been explored as a method to regenerate the spent CaO. This study investigates a novel synergistic integration of carbonation (CaCO3/CaO) and hydroxylation (CaO/Ca(OH)2) reactions. Calcination was conducted in N2 and N2/H2O mixtures with 29 % steam content. Carbonation was conducted in CO2/H2O mixture with similar steam concentrations. Results show that steam plays a dual role: during calcination, it promotes the formation of large pores on the CaO surface, and during carbonation, it enhances mineralization, resulting in larger CaCO3 grains. Also, steam promotes CO2 diffusion through the CaCO3 layer and, at the same time, significantly mitigates the deactivation of CaO along the cycles. Specifically, sequential calcination/ carbonation cycles without steam yield a residual conversion value of 0.14. Steam injection improved residual conversion to 0.27. Alternatively, the interleaving of hydroxylation/dehydroxylation cycles in the sequence further increased this value to 0.64 without steam and up to 0.76 with steam injection. Hydroxylation/dehydroxylation cycles alone demonstrated high stability, with a residual conversion of 0.98 when interleaved with calcination/carbonation cycles under 29 % steam conditions. Additionally, frequent hydroxylation/dehydroxylation cycles improve overall conversion stability, highlighting their synergistic benefits within the integrated process. This work underscores the potential of integrating Calcium Looping with Calcium Hydroxide for improved multicycle performance and opens pathways for scaling experiments to pilot systems, alongside assessing the efficiency and economic viability of this integrated approach.
January, 2026 · DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.158775
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Thermal treatment of Cu-doped hydrotalcite-like adsorbents for improved removal of methyl orange from water
Imene, K; Eddine, BC; Salah, BA; Riadh, B; Gil, A; Imene, BA; Messaoured, G; Mokhtar, BSeparation and Purification Technology, 365 (2025) 132656 DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132656

Abstract
The study explored the incorporation of Cu into Mg2Al1 hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides (LDH) and their derived mixed oxides for efficient methyl orange (MO) adsorption. MgAl -LDH (MA -LDH), MgCuAl - LDH(MCA - LDH), and their 500 degrees C thermally treated derivatives (MA - O and MCA-O) were successfully synthesized and comprehensively characterized. Copper doping notably enhanced the adsorption capacity by improving the textural properties and facilitating the formation of a more abundant MgAl2O4 spinel phase in the mixed oxide. The decomposition of both raw and modified LDHs promoted strong interactions with MO, overcoming the mass transfer limitations typically associated with diffusion. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model was found to best describe the adsorption behavior of the mixed oxides. The effects of solid-liquid ratio and pH, along with response surface methodology (RSM) using a Box-Behnken design (BBD), were investigated to optimize the adsorption conditions of MO on the MCA -O mixed oxide. Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies revealed a high adsorption capacity for MO (qmax = 1297mg/g at 25 degrees C), with adsorption being both spontaneous and endothermic. Langmuir isotherm and advanced statistical modeling indicated that MO molecules adsorbed on MCA -O formed a monolayer with a general lateral arrangement. Post-adsorption characterization and DFT calculations were employed to gain deeper insight into the adsorption mechanism, which was primarily driven by ion exchange, hydrogen bonding, and pi - pi complexation. The mixed oxide derived from LDH demonstrated excellent stability and remained effective over multiple cycles without significant performance loss.
September, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132656
Materiales y Procesos Catalíticos de Interés Ambiental y Energético
Zn-MIL53(Fe) as an electro-Fenton catalyst: Application in organic pollutant degradation and pathogen inactivation
Terrón, D; Holgado-Vázquez, JP; Rosales, E; Sanromán, MA; Pazos, MSeparation and purification technology, 360 (2025) 130881 DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130881
Abstract
In this study, the potential of a bimetallic Metal-Organic Framework Zn-MIL53(Fe) for electro-Fenton catalysis was evaluated. After the material characterisation, its catalytic activity was validated in Fenton reaction to degrade a model organic pollutant: Rhodamine B. After that, the evaluation of Zn-MIL53(Fe) as electro-Fenton catalyst was performed and improved outcomes were reached by electro-Fenton regarding anodic oxidation. Then, electro-Fenton treatment optimisation was carried out using response surface methodology assays considering different catalyst dosages (7.2-43.2 mg), current intensities (5-45 mA) and treatment time (30-90 min) in a volume of 0.1 L. Under optimal conditions, a degradation rate over 90 % for Fluoxetine and Sulfamethoxazole in synthetic wastewater was achieved within 90 min, using graphite sheet as anode and nickel foam as cathode (25 mA), with a catalyst dosage of 43.2 mg in a volume of 0.1 L. Additionally, its application in the pathogen inactivation was evaluated using different gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Complete eliminations of both types of bacteria were reached in 5 min using the optimal conditions. In the end, Zn-MIL53(Fe) was proven as a reusable material, capable of performing 3 complete cycles of electro-Fenton treatment for both types of pollutants bacteria and pharmaceuticals, which makes it a promising candidate for more efficient wastewater treatment applications which involve the Fenton reaction.
July, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130881
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Upcycling textile derived microplastics waste collected from washer and dryers to carbonaceous products using hydrothermal carbonization
Parrilla-Lahoz, S; Jiménez-Páez, E; Masteghin, MG; Pawlak, JJ; Venditti, RA; Bird, R; Servin, P; Odriozola, JA; Reina, TR; Duyar, MSWaste Management, 200 (2025) 114740 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114740

Abstract
Microplastics are an emerging pollutant of concern. Many microplastics in the waters arise from washing synthetic textiles in residential and commercial washing machines. The present research evaluated the upcycling of this waste to carbon materials by hydrothermal carbonization. Real microfiber waste was collected using clothes washer and dryer microfilters. Via temperature and residence time screening (200 degrees C, 250 degrees C, 300 degrees C and 1 h, 4 h, 8 h) two temperatures of interest were determined (250 degrees C and 300 degrees C) for hydrothermal carbonization, for a residence time of 4 h. The results obtained in this research demonstrated that by varying the reaction conditions carbon production can be tailored, producing amorphous carbon or graphene/graphite. To this end, Raman spectroscopy results indicated the production of carbon nanomaterials; smaller particle sizes were detected after 250 degrees C-4h and 300 degrees C-4h treatments, (29.6 nm and 33.1 nm, respectively). Transforming microfibers into useful carbon nanoparticles via hydrothermal carbonization prolongs their lifecycle and mitigates environmental pollution. This process is an intriguing method of incorporating textile residue (microfibers) into the circular economy, where resources are perpetually recycled, and waste is avoided.
June, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114740
Fotocatálisis Heterogénea: Aplicaciones
Solar light-driven degradation of thiacloprid by polymer composites based on P-doped TiO2 as photoactive phase: Theoretical and experimental assessment of the reaction mechanism and degradation pathway
Rescigno, R; Summa, FF; Monaco, G; Iannece, P; Hidalgo, MC; Sacco, O; Vaiano, V; Venditto, VJournal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 13 (2025) 116255. DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.116255

Abstract
In this paper, visible light-activated phosphorus-doped TiO2 (P-TiO2) was used as a photoactive phase to prepare polymer composites for the degradation of the pesticide thiacloprid under direct sunlight irradiation. In particular, a monolithic composite aerogel, consisting of P-TiO2 embedded in syndiotactic polystyrene (PTsPS), and a composite polymer film, consisting of P-TiO2 immobilized on the surface of a Corona-pretreated polypropylene film (PT/PP), were prepared and characterized by XPS, TEM, XRD and N2 adsorption at-196 degrees C. The latter were then tested for the degradation of thiacloprid under solar irradiation. The best results were obtained using the PT/PP composite film, which allowed the total degradation of thiacloprid after 180 min of treatment. This performance remained almost unchanged even after several reuse cycles. The effect of pH and the concentration of bicarbonate (HCO3-), calcium (Ca2+), and chloride (Cl-) ions on the PT/PP film photocatalytic activity was also investigated. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of the PT/PP film remained high even in the presence of drinking water spiked with the target pollutant. Photocatalytic tests in the presence of scavenger molecules clarified that the hydroxyl radical is the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the photodegradation mechanism of the target pollutant with P-TiO2, even if a possible role of superoxide cannot be excluded. Finally, DFT studies and ESI(+)-FT-ICR-MS analysis were conducted to formulate a hypothesis on the degradation pathway, identifying possible reaction intermediates.
June, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.116255
Reactividad de Sólidos
Phase dependence of the thermal memory effect in polycrystalline ribbon and bulk Ni55Fe19Ga26 Heusler alloys
Vidal-Crespo, A; Manchón-Gordón, AF; Martín-Olalla, JM; Romero, FJ; Ipus, JJ; Gallardo, MC; Blázquez, JS; Conde, CFIntermetallics, 180 (2025) 108695. DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108695

Abstract
The thermal memory effect, TME, has been studied in Ni55Fe19Ga26 shape memory alloys, fabricated as ribbons via melt-spinning and as pellets via arc-melting, to evaluate its dependence on the martensitic structure and the macrostructure of the samples. When the reverse martensitic transformation is interrupted, a kinetic delay in the subsequent complete transformation is only evident in the ribbon samples, where the 14M modulated structure is the dominant phase. In contrast, degradation of the modulated structure or the presence of the γ phase significantly reduces the observed TME. In such cases, the magnitude of the TME approaches the detection limits of commercial calorimeters, and only high-resolution calorimeter at very low heating rate (40 mK h−1) can show the effect. Following the kinetic arrest and subsequent cooling, the reverse martensitic transformation was completed at several heating rates to confirm the athermal nature of the phenomenon.
May, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108695
Materiales de Diseño para la Energía y Medioambiente
Plasticized cellulose bioplastics with beeswax for the fabrication of multifunctional, biodegradable active food packaging
Florido-Moreno, P; Benítez, JJ; González-Buesa, J; Porras-Vázquez, JM; Hierrezuelo, J; Grifé-Ruiz, M; Romero, D; Athanassiou, A; Heredia-Guerrero, JA; Guzmán-Puyol, SFood Hydrocolloids, 162 (2025) 110933 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2024.110933

Abstract
Plasticized cellulose bioplastics with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were prepared by blending cellulose and glycerol in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic anhydride, adding a solution of beeswax in chloroform, and subsequent drop-casting. Optical, chemical, structural, mechanical, thermal, and hydrodynamic properties were fully characterized. In addition, the biodegradability in seawater was investigated by determination of the biological oxygen demand. The incorporation of beeswax ruled out the transparency and UV blocking, modified the main mechanical parameters, and improved the thermal stability and the antioxidant capacity, as well as the hydrodynamic and barrier properties. In general, these features were comparable to those of common petroleum-based food packaging plastics. Such changes were explained by the incorporation of beeswax into the polymer matrix, as determined by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. These cellulosebeeswax bioplastics were evaluated as viable food packaging materials by determination of the overall migration by using Tenax (R) as a dry food simulant, oxygen permeability at different relative humidities, measurement of antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, and through preservation of fresh-cut pear slices, showing results similar to those obtained by using low-density polyethylene.
May, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2024.110933
Nanotecnología en Superficies y Plasma - Materiales Ópticos Multifuncionales
Multidimensional nanoarchitectures for improved indoor light harvesting in dye-sensitized solar cells
Castillo-Seoane, J; Contreras-Bernal, L; Riquelme, AJ; Fauvel, S; Kervella, Y; Gil-Rostra, J; Lozano, G; Barranco, A; Demadrille, R; Sánchez-Valencia, JR; Borrás, AMaterials Today Energy, 49 (2025) 101851 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtener.2025.101851

Abstract
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) have recently gained renewed interest for their potential in indoor light harvesting and powering wireless devices. However, to fully exploit their potential, crucial aspects require further attention, in particular, the improvement of spectral compatibility and low-light harvesting mechanisms, as well as the development of efficient photoanodes through high-yield scalable methods. In this article, we propose the use of nanocomposite photoanodes integrating mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles, ITO nanotubes (NT), and anatase TiO2 shells (ITO@TiO2 NT) prepared by step-by-step method relying on mild temperature conditions and avoiding toxic precursors. These photoanodes outperform previous attempts to implement low-dimensional ITO and ITO@TiO2 nanowires and nanotubes for outdoor light conversion, demonstrating a power conversion efficiency under low artificial light intensity of 24 % for at 0.014 mW cm-2, a 166 % increase compared to the conventional architectures. Advanced microstructural, optical, and electrochemical characterizations have revealed that the strong scattering effect of the light in the visible range coupled with enhanced charge collection at low-intensity illumination are the essential mechanisms responsible for such enhanced energy conversion. Remarkably, our devices retain up to 90 % of the normal incidence efficiency even under glancing illumination, while conventional reference devices retain only 30 %.
April, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.mtener.2025.101851
Fotocatálisis Heterogénea: Aplicaciones
Towards the effective removal of environmental strains of bacteria from real wastewater by heterostructured photocatalysts
Larumbe, N; Moles, S; Hidalgo, MC; Rubio, E; Goñi, P; Mosteo, RCatalysis Today, 449 (2025) 115197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2025.115197
Abstract
Access to clean water is crucial for human health, yet microbial contamination poses significant challenges. This study investigates the effectiveness of novel photocatalytic catalysts: heterostructured TiO2/AgBr and faceted titanium dioxide, for microbial inactivation under ultraviolet and visible light. Both catalysts were synthesized and characterized. Performance was evaluated using real wastewater samples and saline solutions, targeting gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The experimental approach included testing the photocatalysts with and without the addition of peroxydisulfate to assess its impact on inactivation effectiveness. Results indicated that the TiO2/AgBr catalyst outperformed the faceted titanium dioxide one due to its superior visible light absorption and enhanced charge separation, achieving complete inactivation of environmental strains of Escherichia coli and significant inactivation for Enterococcus faecalis in real wastewater. The inclusion of peroxodisulfate with TiO2/AgBr significantly improved inactivation rates, demonstrating a synergistic effect. Regarding wastewater composition, the treatment achieves a significant COD removal while the rest of studied parameters remain stable. Both catalysts effectively prevented bacterial regrowth for up to 48 hours, underscoring its long-term efficacy. Overall, these findings highlight the potential application of TiO2/AgBr combined with peroxodisulfate as an effective strategy for microbial inactivation, contributing to the advancement in water treatment technologies across real environmental contexts.
April, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2025.115197
Materiales Ópticos Multifuncionales
Tunable White Light Emission from Transparent Nanophosphor Films Embedding Perovskite Lead Halide Nanostructures
Viaña, JM; Romero-Pérez, C; Calvo, ME; Lozano, G; Míguez, HACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 17 (2025) 19900-19905 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c22044

Abstract
Exploring synergistic interactions between nanomaterials that can enhance their collective properties in ways that individual components cannot achieve represents an avenue for advancing beyond the current state of the art. This approach is particularly relevant in the context of ABX(3) nanocrystals, where pursuing cooperation could help to overcome current challenges associated with light generation. Transparent photoluminescent coatings are developed by combining perovskite nanomaterials and porous scaffolds of high optical quality phosphor nanoparticles. Fine tuning of the spectral content of the emission is achieved with the photoexcitation wavelength, allowing the demonstration of white light emission with tunable hues.
March, 2025 · DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c22044
Reactividad de Sólidos
Revisiting Stability Criteria in Ball-Milled High-Entropy Alloys: Do Hume-Rothery and Thermodynamic Rules Equally Apply?
Blázquez, JS; Manchón-Gordón, AF; Vidal-Crespo, A; Caballero-Flores, R; Ipus, JJ; Conde, CFAdvanced Engineering Materials, 27 (2025) 2401148 DOI: 10.1002/adem.202401148
Abstract
Stability descriptors for the formation of solid solutions can be divided into two categories: inspired by Hume–Rothery rules (HRR) and derived from thermodynamic approaches. Herein, HRRs are extended from binary to high-entropy alloys (HEAs) focusing on compositions prepared by ball milling. Parameters describing stability criteria are interrelated and implicitly account for the microstrains’ storage energy, more determinant than entropy increase in stabilization of HEAs and more effective in bcc structures than close-packed ones (fcc and hcp). An effective temperature, Teff, is defined as the ratio between increase in metallic bonding energy of solid solutions with respect to segregated pure constituents and configurational entropy. This versatile parameter is used as a threshold for stabilization of HEAs at equilibrium and out of equilibrium. When Teff is below room temperature, HEA would be stable at equilibrium. When Teff is below melting temperature, HEA would be obtained by rapid quenching. Limitations related to electronegativity differences remain valid in mechanically alloyed solid solutions. However, ball milling broadens the allowed differences in atomic size to form HEA. Moreover, thermodynamic criteria can be surpassed in these systems, allowing the formation of single-phase solid solutions beyond the compositional range predicted by those criteria.
March, 2025 · DOI: 10.1002/adem.202401148
Reactividad de Sólidos
A practical analysis to predict sample overheating in flash experiments using the current ramp methodology
Manchón-Gordón, AF; Molina-Molina, S; Perejón, A; Sánchez-Jiménez, P; Pérez-Maqueda, LAJournal of the American Ceramic Society, DOI: 10.1111/jace.20248
Abstract
This work presents a straightforward strategy for achieving specific overheating during flash experiments by adjusting the initial electrical parameters. To do that, an extensive experimental analysis was performed to evaluate the temperature evolution of dense ZnO specimens during controlled-current ramping at different furnace temperatures, which in turn modified the initial electrical resistance of the sample. A detailed electrical explanation of controlled-current ramp flash processes is provided and, for the first time, a practical equivalence between current-ramp and temperature-ramp flash methodologies is established. By parameterizing the experiments in terms of an effective power density, a consistent heating pattern following the blackbody radiation trend was identified, despite the different electrical characteristics of each experiment. Finally, a “flash heating map” is introduced, which can be used to determine the starting electrical parameters necessary to achieve a specific temperature increase, whether employing current or temperature ramps.
March, 2025 · DOI: 10.1111/jace.20248
Materiales Nanoestructurados y Microestructura
First Measurement of a Weak r-Process Reaction on a Radioactive Nucleus
Williams, M; Angus, C; Laird, AM; Davids, B; Diget CAa; Fernández, A; Williams, EJ; Andreyev, AN; Asch, H et al.Physical Review Letters, 134 (2025) 112701 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.112701
Abstract
This Letter reports on the first cross-section measurements for the 94Sr(alpha, n)97Zr and 86Kr(alpha, n)89Sr reactions. In particular, our measurement of 94Sr(alpha, n)97Zr is the first weak r-process reaction cross section obtained using a radioactive ion beam. This experiment was enabled by the use of novel solid helium targets, comprised of silicon thin films with high helium incorporation obtained via a sputtering technique. Yield measurements were performed at center-of-mass energies of 10.4 and 9.0 MeV for the 86Kr(alpha, n)89Sr reaction, and 9.9 MeV for 94Sr(alpha, n)97Zr, extending into the respective Gamow energy windows for a temperature of 5 GK. Reactions were uniquely identified by prompt gamma rays detected in coincidence with heavy ions selected by a recoil mass spectrometer. The obtained cross sections are smaller than predicted for both reactions. In the case of 94Sr(alpha, n)97Zr, the reaction rate found here is lowered by an order of magnitude at temperatures below 5 GK, which is expected to impact the predicted abundance of ruthenium, a signature weak r-process element.
March, 2025 · DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.112701
Materiales Avanzados
Influence of features and firing temperature on the ceramic properties and phase evolution of raw kaolins
Sánchez-Soto, PJ; García-Garzón, V; Martínez-Martínez, S; Pérez-Villarejo, L; Sánchez-Garrido, JA; Garzón, EConstruction and Building, 466 (2025) 140215 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140215
Abstract
The influence of the characteristic features and firing temperature on the ceramic properties of raw kaolin samples were examined studying a wide range of firing temperatures (1000–1500 ºC). The techniques of investigation have been particle size analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF), and Thermal Analysis using Termodilatometry (TD), Thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Uniaxial pressed cylindric bodies were obtained and fired from 1000 to 1500 °C/2 h. TEM allowed investigate morphological differences and identification of kaolinite and halloysite. The mineralogical analysis indicated that the kaolinite content is high (80–90 wt%). The contents of oxide impurities are relatively low although in a sample is 7.6 wt% on a calcined basis. The characteristic sharp DTA exothermic effect of kaolinite was observed in the range 900–1000 °C. The ceramic properties of the group of kaolin samples has been determined: linear firing shrinkage, water absorption capacity, apparent density and open porosity. Sintering diagrams allowed investigate the progressive decrease of water absorption and the increase of firing shrinkage. In some kaolin samples the water absorption reached zero at 1450–1500 ᵒC. High sintering temperatures have been observed when kaolinite is present in high contents and the fluxes content is low. The maximum values of apparent density were determined, with a sample with the highest value (2.75 ± 0.10 g/cm3). The open porosity changes from ∼ 34–38 % at 1000 ᵒC up to zero or minimum values (< 3 %) at 1500 ᵒC. This behaviour is associated to the progressive sintering of the particles and filling of pores by glassy phase originated by the presence of fluxes and the influence of a low particle size. The formation of mullite and cristobalite by firing have been studied by XRD. Mullite has been detected from 1000 to 1100 ᵒC and the crystals developed as increasing firing temperatures. Cristobalite (α-cristobalite) has been identified at 1200–1300 ºC. The presence of an alkaline melt could impede the crystallization of cristobalite. This study presents a comparative research because all these commercial kaolin samples have been examined under the same experimental conditions. Consequently, the results have allowed to provide new data about raw kaolin powders with high kaolinite content in the range 80–90 wt%.
March, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140215
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Unlocking the anaerobic conversion of crop residues: Biological pretreatments and the role of sulfide pathway in lignin degradation
Franco Vieira, B; Ramos-Muñoz, VM; Zahedi, S; Abreu B Silva Rabelo, C; Zaiat, M; FThe Science of the total environment, 967 (2025) 178739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178739

Abstract
Research on the reutilization of crop residues has gained significant attention as a strategy for generating energy and high-value chemicals from renewable sources, while simultaneously reducing feedstock costs and mitigating environmental pollution. Crop residues have been effectively applied in lignocellulosic sulfate-reducing bioreactors (LSRBs) for the treatment of mining-influenced water. A comprehensive evaluation of the state-of-the-art in LSRBs reveals their potential for leveraging syntrophic aerobic-anaerobic interactions between sulfate-reducing bacteria and facultative species, alongside cellulolytic-fermentative microorganisms, to facilitate the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biorefinery applications. Key variables influencing the availability of enzymatic substrates and the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes are identified, along with strategies to enhance catalytic efficiency. Additionally, approaches to ensure the availability of trace elements and to control the production of toxic intermediates that may hinder treatment processes are elucidated. Prominent strategies include the application of microaeration and the use of co-substrates. An innovative aspect is the exploitation of metal sulfide precipitation to mitigate toxicity while preventing the sequestration of hydrogen peroxide - an essential substrate for enzymatic activity - by sulfides generated during the process. This review emphasizes the need for scientific advancements focused on optimizing the valorization of lignocellulosic residues. A particular focus is placed on advancing the understanding of lignin's anaerobic degradation mechanisms, especially in systems co-treating lignocellulosic waste and mining-influenced waters. Such advancements hold promise for enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of biorefinery operations.
February, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178739
Nanotecnología en Superficies y Plasma
Ion Mobility and Segregation in Seed Surfaces Subjected to Cold Plasma Treatments
Perea-Brenes, A; Ruiz-Pino, N; Yubero, F; García; JL; González-Elipe, AR; Gómez-Rarmíez, A; Prados, A; López-Santos, CJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 72 (2025) 6486-6499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c09650
Abstract
Plasma treatment of seeds is an efficient procedure to accelerate germination, to improve initial stages of plant growth, and for protection against pathogen infection. Most studies relate these beneficial effects with biochemical modifications affecting the metabolism and genetic growth factors of seeds and young plants. Using barley seeds, in this work, we investigate the redistribution of ions in the seed surface upon their treatment with cold air plasmas. In addition, we investigate the effect of plasma in the lixiviation of ions through the seeds' hull when they are immersed in water. Ion redistribution in the outer layers of air plasma-treated seeds has been experimentally determined through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis in combination with in-depth chemical profiling with gas cluster ion beams. The results show that in the shallowest layers of the seed hull (at least up to a depth of similar to 100 nm) there is an enrichment of K+ and Ca2+ ions, in addition to changes in the O/C and N/C atomic ratios. These data have been confirmed by the electron microscopy/fluorescence analysis of seed cuts. Observations have been accounted for by a Monte Carlo model, simulating the electrostatic interactions that develop between the negative charge accumulated at the seed surface due to the interaction with the plasma sheath and the positive ions existing in the interior. Furthermore, it is shown that upon water immersion of plasma-treated seeds mobilized ions tend to lixiviate more efficiently than in pristine seeds. The detection of a significant concentration of NO3 - anions in the water has been attributed to a secondary reaction of nitrogen species incorporated into the seeds during plasma exposure with reactive oxygen species formed on their surface during this treatment. The implications of these findings for the improvement of the germination capacity of seeds are discussed.
February, 2025 · DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c09650
Materiales Nanoestructurados y Microestructura
On the characteristics of helium filled nano-pores in amorphous silicon thin films
Lacroix, B; Fernández, A; Pyper, NC; Thom, AJW; Whelan, CTApplied Surface Science, 683 (2025) 161772 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161772

Abstract
A joint theory-experimental study is presented of irregularly shaped nano-pores in amorphous silicon. STEM- ELLS spectra were measured for each pore. The observed helium 1 s 2- 1 s 2 p( 1 P ) excitation energies were found to be shifted from that of a free atom. The relation between the helium density in the pore and these energy shifts is explored and shown to be completely consistent with earlier studies of helium in its bulk condensed phases as well as encapsulated as bubbles in solid silicon. The density, pressure and depth of the pores, all key properties for applications, were determined. An alternative and novel method for determining the depth of the pores more accurately is presented.
February, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161772
Nanotecnología en Superficies y Plasma
Recent advances in electrocatalysts fabrication by magnetron sputtering for alkaline water electrolysis
Gómez-Sacedón, C; González-Elipe, AR; Rodríguez-Pintor, V; Luque-Centeno, JM; Yubero, F; Gil-Rostra, J; de Lucas-Consuegra, ACurrent Opinion in Electrochemistry, 49 (2025) 101622 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101622
Abstract
Magnetron sputtering (MS) is an emerging technique to prepare electrocatalysts for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions that take place in alkaline water electrolysis. It is a physical vapour deposition method that provides a strict control over the composition, chemical state, and microstructure. It permits to adjust complex stoichiometries and guarantees reproducibility. This technology allows to deposit electrocatalysts on suitable current collectors to get anode and cathode electrodes in a one-step process. Furthermore, MS is an environment friendly technology with easy scalability for industrial electrode production. Additionally, when operated in an oblique angle deposition configuration, it allows precise control of the microstructure of the deposits that can be tuned from compact to mesoporous. On this brief review we discuss recent studies on the field showing the possibility of using MS for the preparation of catalyst layers with complex compositions, bi-layer structure configurations, and bimetallic, trimetallic, and multicomponent alloys.
February, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101622
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Design of catalysts for selective CO2 hydrogenation
Ye, RP; Ding, J; Reina, TR; Duyar, MS; Li, HT; Luo, WH; Zhang, RB; Fan, MH; Feng, G; Sun, J; Liu, JNature Synthesis, 4 (2025) 288-302 DOI: 10.1038/s44160-025-00747-1

Abstract
CO2 hydrogenation with green hydrogen is a practical approach for the reduction of CO2 emissions and the generation of high-value-added chemicals. Generally, product selectivity is affected by the associated reaction mechanisms, internal catalyst identity and structure, and external reaction conditions. Here we examine typical CO2 hydrogenation reaction pathways, which can provide insight useful for the atomic-level design of catalysts. We discuss how catalyst chemical states, particle sizes, crystal facets, synergistic effects and unique structures can tune product selectivity. Different catalysts, such as Fe-, Co-, Ni-, Cu-, Ru-, Rh-, Pd-based and bifunctional structured catalysts, and their influence on CO2 hydrogenation products (such as CO, methane, methanol, ethanol and light olefins) are discussed. Beyond catalyst design, emerging catalytic reaction engineering methods for assisting the tuning of product selectivity are also discussed. Future challenges and perspectives in this field are explored to inspire the design of next-generation selective CO2 hydrogenation processes to facilitate the transition towards carbon neutrality.
February, 2025 · DOI: 10.1038/s44160-025-00747-1
Materiales Semiconductores para la Sostenibilidad
Impact of metal oxidation on ice growth and melting
Carretero-Palacios, S; Esteso, V; Li, Y; Kuthe, S; Brevik, I; Iordanidou, K; Malyi, OI; Glaser, B; Persson, C; Bostrom, MPhysical Review B, 111 (2025) 085407. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.111.085407
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the Casimir-Lifshitz free energy mechanism that governs both ice growth and melting near metal surfaces, with a particular focus on the role of oxidation. Our study reveals that metals such as gold, iron, and aluminum induce incomplete premelting, resulting in micron-sized liquid water layers when in contact with ice. These layers could have significant implications for the defrosting of metallic surfaces. When exposed to water vapor at the triple point, aluminum and other metals can induce the formation of notably thick layers of either liquid water or ice, which can theoretically become infinitely thick if other interactions are disregarded. However, when aluminum undergoes oxidation to form alumina, its behavior changes dramatically. Alumina surfaces cause complete melting when in direct contact with bulk ice and result in only micron-sized layers of water or ice in vapor conditions. In contrast, magnetite, the oxidized form of iron, retains metalliclike behavior due to its high dielectric constant, similar to other metals, and continues to support thick layers of water or ice. This distinction highlights the significant influence of oxidation on the dynamics of ice growth and melting near different metal surfaces.
February, 2025 · DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.111.085407
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Exploring the synergistic effect of NaOH/NaClO absorbent in a novel wet FGD scrubber to control SOx/NOx emissions
Rizwan, M; Ali, MF; Nawaz,, MA; He, M; Song, YQ; Yiang, P; Ullah, S; Hassan, MMA; Zhou, XLEnvironmental Monitoring and Assesment, 197 (2025) 170. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13455-8
Abstract
Escalating SOx and NOx emissions from industrial plants necessitates customized scrubbing solutions to improve removal efficiency and tackle cost limitations in existing wet FGD units. This work investigates the real-time intensified removal pathways via an innovative two-stage countercurrent spray tower configuration strategically integrating NaOH (Ma) and NaOH/NaClO (Ma/Mb) to remove SOx and NOx emissions simultaneously from the industrial stack through a comprehensive parametric study of absorbents concentration, reaction temperature, gas flow rate, liquid to gas ratio (FL/FG), and absorbent showering head. Flue gas stream comprising SO2 bearing 4500 ppm, SO3 bearing 300 ppm, 70 ppm NO, and 50 ppm NO2 brought into contact with two scrubbing solutions as Ma, and a complex absorbent of Ma/Mb at varying respective ratios. Ninety-two percent SOx emissions were removed using 5% NaOH with double-stage scrubbing, while NOx removal was observed below 50%. Adding NaClO facilitates additional "free radical (ClO-)" chemical pathways for gases to react and decompose into ionic forms for easier solubilization so as to significantly enhance the removal capacities for both SOx and NOx compounds. NaClO oxidizer, along with NaOH, boosted the respective removal efficiencies of SOx to 99.6% and 92% NOx, proving complementary media integration advantages arising from staged exposure and bubbly interphase mass transfer phenomena. The customized synergistic effect of Ma and Mb promoted the development of an additional free radical oxidation route while sustaining the solubilization of SOx/NOx in caustic, driving toward fractional detoxification. A dimensionless emission performance model was developed along with mechanism validation through DFT in context to the successful formation of residual salts by applying the DMol3 tool in Materials Studio by exploring the convergence analysis, geometry optimization, and COSMO sigma profile.
January, 2025 · DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13455-8
Materiales Ópticos Multifuncionales
Photoinduced Spin Centers in Photocatalytic Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66
Kultaeva, A; Biktagirov, T; Sperlich, A; Dorflinger, P; Calvo, ME; Otal, E; Dyakonov, VAdvanced Functional Materials, 35 (2025) 3 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202413297
Abstract
Metal-Organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for advanced photocatalytically active materials. These porous crystalline compounds have large active surface areas and structural tunability and are thus highly competitive with oxides, the well-established material class for photocatalysis. However, due to their complex organic and coordination chemistry composition, photophysical mechanisms involved in the photocatalytic processes in MOFs are still not well understood. Employing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (trPL), the fundamental processes of electron and hole generation are investigated, as well as capture events that lead to the formation of various radical species in UiO-66, an archetypical MOF photocatalyst. A manifold of photoinduced electron spin centers is detected, which is subsequently analyzed and identified with the help of density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Under UV illumination, the symmetry, g-tensors, and lifetimes of three distinct contributions are revealed: a surface O2-radical, a light-induced electron-hole pair, and a triplet exciton. Notably, the latter is found to emit (delayed) fluorescence. The findings provide new insights into the photoinduced charge transfer processes, which are the basis of photocatalytic activity in UiO-66. This sets the stage for further studies on photogenerated spin centers in this and similar MOF materials.
January, 2025 · DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202413297
Materiales Semiconductores para la Sostenibilidad
The impact of interfacial quality and nanoscale performance disorder on the stability of alloyed perovskite solar cells
Frohna, K; Chosy, C; Al-Ashouri, A ; Scheler, F; Chiang, YH; Dubajic, M; Parker, JE; Walker, JM; Zimmermann, L; Selby, TA; Lu, Y; Roose, B; Albrecht, S; Anaya, M; Stranks, SDNature Energy, 10 (2025) 66-76 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01660-1
Abstract
Microscopy provides a proxy for assessing the operation of perovskite solar cells, yet most works in the literature have focused on bare perovskite thin films, missing charge transport and recombination losses present in full devices. Here we demonstrate a multimodal operando microscopy toolkit to measure and spatially correlate nanoscale charge transport losses, recombination losses and chemical composition. By applying this toolkit to the same scan areas of state-of-the-art, alloyed perovskite cells before and after extended operation, we show that devices with the highest macroscopic performance have the lowest initial performance spatial heterogeneity—a crucial link that is missed in conventional microscopy. We show that engineering stable interfaces is critical to achieving robust devices. Once the interfaces are stabilized, we show that compositional engineering to homogenize charge extraction and to minimize variations in local power conversion efficiency is critical to improve performance and stability. We find that in our device space, perovskites can tolerate spatial disorder in chemistry, but not charge extraction.
January, 2025 · DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01660-1
Tribología y Protección de Superficies
Mechanical and tribology performance of nanostructured ZrN-Cu coatings obtained by hybrid HiPIMS-DCMS technology
Castro, JD; Sánchez-López, JC; Carvalho, SSurface & Coatings Technology, 495 (2025) 131579 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131579

Abstract
One of the biggest players in the world economy is the naval industry, which mainly controls the merchandise transportation sector. Any issue with ships could represent millions of USD of loss and increases in the cost of goods for the population worldwide. Two main problems which this industry has fought are corrosion and biofouling. Lastly, the pollution of the sea has gained importance, and more strict policies have been applied regarding the use of certain products by this industry. One of these is paintings, which represented this industry's definitive solution to avoid the mentioned problems for a long time. This situation allowed to explore other solutions like PVD coatings through multifunctional coatings. Zirconium nitride has been demonstrated to be useful in resisting corrosion with reliable mechanical properties. However, this material does not possess antimicrobial action. The present study presents a nanostructured coating combining ZrN with Cu, which works as a biocide, contributing to the desired multifunctionality. The developed coating was obtained using a hybrid magnetron co-sputtering employing High-power impulse (HiPIMS) and direct current (DCMS) power sources under a reactive atmosphere. SEM, EDX, XRD and Raman spectroscopy were used to assess the physico-chemical properties of the coatings. Besides, depth-sensing nano-indentation explored the mechanical properties. The tribological performance was tested by a reciprocating tribometer under dry and wet (with 3.5 % w/w NaCl solution) contact conditions and employing a soda lime glass ball as a counterbody. The results showed that adding Cu to ZrN through this technology resulted in a limited hardness reduction from 19 (pure ZrN) to 14 GPa. Also, the chemical activation with NaOCl solution softens the obtained coating and, together with the saline solution, influences the wear resistance. However, the nanostructured coating has been demonstrated to be suitable for use under real conditions, without loss of its protection over the used substrate. It opens a new possibility of a solution for the naval industry.
January, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131579
Nanotecnología en Superficies y Plasma - Tribología y Protección de Superficies
Magnetron sputtered ß-Ti coatings for biomedical application: A HiPIMS approach to improve corrosion resistance and mechanical behavior
Sánchez-López, JC; Godinho, V; López-Santos, C; Navarro, P; Rodríguez-Albela, LM; Sánchez-Pérez, M; Jiménez-Piqué, E; Torres, YApplied Surface Science, 680 (2025) 161366 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161366

Abstract
This work presents the surface modification of commercially pure Ti specimens (c.p.-Ti) prepared by conventional powder metallurgy by depositing a thin film of a ß-Ti alloy (Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta, wt. %, TNZT). Two types of pulsed technologies: conventional (p-DC) and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), with and without bias assistance (−60 V) under similar power conditions (250 W) were applied on titanium specimens and silicon substrates leading to different film morphologies and functional properties. Microstructural, X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation, surface wetting, XPS and electrochemical impedance measurements were done to characterize their functionality. All the coatings presented a reduced Young's Modulus (E ≤ 80GPa) compared to the bulk Ti, representing a reduction of more than 30 %. This decrease can significantly contribute to the reduction of the stress-shielding effect, mitigating the risk of implant loosening and failure. The hardness values of TNZT coatings, slightly lower than c.p.-Ti substrate, range from 4.1 to 4.7 GPa. XPS analysis shows a passivation layer of TiO2, Nb2O5, and ZrO2, which offers high impedance and excellent corrosion resistance. The best compromise between mechanical and corrosion properties is achieved with the HiPIMS technology, thanks to its compact film microstructure with high electrical resistance, despite its limited thickness of about 1 μm.
January, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161366
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Improving the photocatalytic degradation of EDTMP: Effect of doped NPs (Na, Y, and K) into the lattice of modified Au/TiO2 nano-catalysts
Riedel, R; Schowarte, J; Semisch, L; González-Castaño, M; Ivanova, S; Arellano-García, H; Martienssen, MChemical Engineering Journal, 506 (2025) 160109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.160109

Abstract
This study presents the photocatalytic degradation of the aminophosphonate ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP) with a range of different doped nanoparticles (NP). The photocatalysts were based on TiO2 benchmark P25 and gold (Au) doped either with sodium (Na), potassium (K) or yttrium (Y). The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized via TEM, XRF, XRD, UV-DRS (band gap estimation) and N2-phys- isorption. Photocatalytic pre-screening at pH values of 3, 7 and 10 indicated highest o-PO4 release of EDTMP at pH 7 and 10 for NP either doped with K or Y. The results of LC/MS analysis showed that the NPs doped with 5 % Y (Au2/Y5/P25) resulted in the fastest degradation of EDTMP. The target compound was completely degraded within 60 min, 4 times faster than photochemical treatment of unadulterated EDTMP. Importantly, also the transformation products were accelerated by the photocatalytic treatment with Au2/P25 either doped with 5 % Y or 10 % K. The results of scavenger experiments indicated that the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of EDTMP is primarily attributable to the presence of hydroxyl radicals in the bulk and to a lesser extent to center dot O2- and electron-holes (h+) at the surface of the catalysts. The study demonstrates that the catalytic efficiency of TiO2 nanocomposites is significantly influenced by the choice of dopants, which affect particle size, band gap, and photocatalytic activity. Yttrium at low concentrations (i.e., 5 wt% Y) doping emerged as particularly effective, enhancing both the visible light absorption and h+ separation, leading to superior photocatalytic performance in the degradation of EDTMP. The Au content also plays a crucial role in enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency. However, the combination of Au and Na doping was found to be less effective for this photocatalysis in aqueous media, potentially due to larger particle sizes and insufficient dopant contents. In conclusion, the findings emphasise the necessity of optimising both the selection of dopants and the design of catalysts in order to enhance photocatalytic applications.
January, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.160109
Materiales y Procesos Catalíticos de Interés Ambiental y Energético
Influence of cerium promotion on Ni-Mg-Al catalysts derived from hydrotalcite structure for dry reforming of methane
Djebarri, B; Touahra, F; Aider, N; González Delacruz, VM; Holgado, JP; Caballero, A; Bachari, K; Halliche, DResearch on Chemical Intermediates (2025). DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05472-6
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of cerium promotion on NiMgAl catalysts for methane dry reforming (DRM) at 750 degrees C. A series of NiMgAl-Ce oxides with varying cerium content NiMgAlCe-x (x: rate of substitution of aluminium by cerium) were synthesized via co-precipitation method, aiming to enhance catalytic activity through the incorporation of nickel into hydrotalcite structures and cerium promotion. The obtained systems calcined at 800 degrees C, reduced at 750 degrees C and used catalysts were characterized by ICP, BET, XRD, SEM, H2-TPR, TPO and O2-TG analysis. The results demonstrate that cerium content influences specific surface area, with higher cerium promoting increased surface area but hindering catalytic activity and improved carbon resistance of the catalysts.. Activity improved with reaction temperature, with NiMgAl achieving the highest conversion, with CH4 conversion dropping from 16% at 450 degrees C to 95.0% at 750 degrees C. Stability tests at 750 degrees C, revealed decreased activity in cerium-containing catalysts. On the other hand in the case of catalysts without prior reduction, the catalytic activity of NiMgAlCe-1 and NiMgAlCe-2 catalysts are better, however, the NiMgCe solid presents a total catalytic inertia. This result suggests that the presence of aluminium is bringing a Lewis acidity favours this reducibility suggesting an influence on redox behaviour. Carbon fibers formation was observed, but it did not significantly affect reactor performance.
January, 2025 · DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05472-6
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Direct observation of interface-dependent activity in NiO/CeO2 for effective low-temperature CO oxidation
Liu, K; Liao, LL; Li, L; Nawaz, MA; Liao, GF; Xu, XLSurfaces and Interfaces, 56 (2025) 105496 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105496

Abstract
In contemporary catalytic interface exploration, experimental studies often take a backseat to theoretical simulations, hindering the development of pristine catalytic interfaces. This research leverages monolayer dispersion theory to design an efficient CO oxidation catalyst through precise manipulation of non-precious metal NiO-CeO2 interfaces. Employing the pioneering XRD extrapolation method, we fabricated monolayer dispersed Ni-O-Ce and Ce-O-Ni interfaces, unlocking insights into their impact on the CO oxidation mechanism. The method accurately quantified monolayer dispersion capacities: 0.526 mmol NiO/(100 m2 CeO2) for NiO/CeO2 and 0.0638 mmol CeO2/(100 m2 NiO) for CeO2/NiO, revealing intricate interactions between active components and supports. Utilizing numerical values derived from monolayer dispersion theory, we constructed CeO2-sup- ported NiO (Ni-O-Ce) and NiO-supported CeO2 (Ce-O-Ni) catalysts in a monolayer dispersed state. The Ni-O-Ce interface, generating abundant oxygen vacancies, significantly enhanced CO adsorption and facilitated surface reactive oxygen species production, leading to a remarkable 14-fold increase in intrinsic CO oxidation activity and a notable 4.2-fold improvement in water resistance. Integrating XRD extrapolation, H2-TPR, O2-TPD, COTPD, XPS, Raman, and in situ IR techniques, our study demonstrates the feasibility of crafting efficient catalysts with monolayer dispersed atomic-scale catalytic interfaces to elucidate the mechanisms underlying catalytic interface effects on CO oxidation.
January, 2025 · DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105496
Reactividad de Sólidos
Plasma-flash sintering: Metastable phase stabilization and evidence of ionized species
Gil-González, E; Taibi, A; Perejón, A; Sánchez-Jiménez, PE; Pérez-Maqueda, LAJournal of the American Ceramic Society, 108 (2025) e20105 DOI: 10.1111/jace.20105

Abstract
The first demonstration of plasma-flash sintering (PFS) is presented in this work. PFS is performed under a low-pressure atmosphere that consecutively generates plasma and flash events. It is shown, by using several combined characterization techniques, that PFS stabilizes metastable phases on the surface of the material, which may be partially, but not solely, attributed to the generation of oxygen vacancies, and induces the absorption of ionized species, if a reactive atmosphere is employed. Even though additional research is required to understand the fundamentals of PFS, it is evidenced its potential to be used as a material surface engineering tool, which may widen the technological capabilities of flash sintering.
Cover Photograph: Plasma-Flash Sintering (PFS) is performed under low-pressure atmosphere that consecutively generates plasma and flash events. This study shows that PFS stabilizes metastable phases on the surface of the material and enables absorption of ionized species generated in the plasma, giving this technique potential to be used as a surface engineering tool. Read more in the rapid communication in this issue,
January, 2025 · DOI: 10.1111/jace.20105
2024
2024
Materiales Coloidales
Topotactic Reduction-Induced Stabilization of β-La2Mo2O8.68 Phase: Structure, Static Oxygen Disorder, and Electrical Properties
Zhang, XT; Genevois, C; Li, C; Yang, XY; Pitcher, MJ; Allix, M; Kuang, XJ; Fernández-Carrión, AJInorganic Chemistry, 63 (2024) 22667-22676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02151

Abstract
La2Mo2O9 is acknowledged as an exceptional oxide ion conductor. It undergoes a reversible phase transition around 580 degrees C from the nonconductive low-temperature monoclinic alpha-La2Mo2O9 phase to the highly conductive high-temperature cubic beta-La2Mo2O9 phase. In addition, La2Mo2O9 demonstrates complex chemistry under reducing conditions. This study reports, for the first time, the stabilization at ambient temperature of a novel cubic phase through a topotactic reduction of alpha-La2Mo2O9 employing CaH2. This phase contains approximately similar to 3 atom % oxygen vacancies relative to the nominal composition (La2Mo2O8.68(1)). The cubic symmetry is associated with a static distribution of these vacancies, in contrast to the dynamic distribution observed in the high-temperature cubic beta-La2Mo2O9 phase reported previously. Additionally, the material exhibits mixed-ion-electronic conduction, which expands its potential use in applications requiring both ionic and electronic transport.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02151
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins over highly active and selective Ga-Zr/SAPO-34 bifunctional catalyst
Wang, Q; Xing, MQ; Wang, LP; Gong, ZY; Nawaz, MA; Blay-Roger, R; Ramirez-Reina, T; Li, Z; Meng, FHMolecular Catalysis, 569 (2024) 114567 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2024.114567

Abstract
The direct conversion of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons is a very desirable but difficult approach for achieving lower value-added olefins with minimal CO selectivity. In this effort, we report the direct conversion of CO2 into light olefins on a Cu/CeO2 hybrid catalyst mixed with SAPO-34 zeolite. The samples are characterized by N-2 sorption, XRD, TEM, SEM, NH3-TPD and H-2 -TPR. The results showed that the acidity of modified zeolite had decreased. The response surface methodology has been used to optimize the operating parameters (temperature and space velocity (SV)) of process. A high olefin selectivity of 70.4% has been obtained on CuCe/SAPO-34 at H-2/CO2 =3, 10 h, 382.46 degrees C, 17.33 L/g.h and 20 bar. The optimum operating conditions for multiple responses have also been achieved. The optimal values are T = 396.26 degrees C and SV = 5.80 L/g.h. Under these conditions, the predicted olefin and CO selectivity and CO2 conversion are 61.83%, 57.11% and 13.15%, respectively. Multiple optimization outputs are outstanding for obtaining the suitable operating conditions.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2024.114567
Materiales de Diseño para la Energía y Medioambiente
Enhanced extraction of bioactive compounds from tea waste for sustainable polylactide-based bioplastic applications in active food packaging
Acquavia, MA; Benítez, JJ; Guzmán-Puyo, S; Porras-Vázquez, JM; Hierrezuelo, J; Grifé-Ruiz, M; Romero, D; Di Capua, A; Bochicchio, R; Laurenza, S; Bianca, Giuliana, Heredia-Guerrero, JAFood Packaging and Shel Life, 46 (2024) 101410 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2024.101410
Abstract
Active and sustainable food packaging materials were prepared through solvent casting, by blending tea waste (TW) extract rich in bioactive molecules with a neat polylactide (PLA) polymeric matrix. The optimization of tea waste extraction using a response surface methodology allowed achieving efficient yield and high phenolic content, which significantly enhanced the antioxidant properties of the resulting bioplastics. TW extract incorporation into PLA films increased UV-blocking capability, while keeping the oxygen permeability performance. Mechanical testing revealed improved ductility and toughness in TW extract-containing films compared to pure polylactide film, ascribed to the plasticizing effect of TW polyphenols. Food packaging assays showed effective moisture retention, comparable to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastics, antioxidant activity, and excellent bacteria barrier properties allowing the use for food packaging applications. Moreover, migration tests and detection of non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) allowed to establish the safety and regulatory compliance of these bioplastics.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2024.101410
Nanotecnología en Superficies y Plasma
Mechanisms of De-icing by Surface Rayleigh and Plate Lamb Acoustic Waves
Pandey, S; del Moral, J; Jacob, S; Montes, L; Gil-Rostra, J; Frechilla, A; Karimzadeh, A; Rico, VJ; Kantar, R; Kandelin, N; López-Santos, C; Koivuluoto, H; Angurel, L; Winkler, A; Borrás, A; González-Elipe, ARAdvanced Engineering Materials (2024). DOI: 10.1002/adem.202401820
Abstract
Acoustic waves (AW) have recently emerged as an energy-efficient ice-removal procedure compatible with functional and industrial-relevant substrates. However, critical aspects at fundamental and experimental levels have yet to be disclosed to optimize their operational conditions. Identifying the processes and mechanisms by which different types of AWs induce de-icing are some of these issues. Herein, using model LiNbO3 systems and two types of interdigitated transducers, the e-icing and anti-icing efficiencies and mechanisms driven by Rayleigh surface acoustic waves (R-SAW) and Lamb waves with 120 and 510 mu m wavelengths, respectively, are analyzed. Through the experimental analysis of de-icing and active anti-icing processes and the finite element simulation of the AW generation, propagation, and interaction with small ice aggregates, it is disclosed that Lamb waves are more favorable than R-SAWs to induce de-icing and/or prevent the freezing of small ice droplets. Prospects for applications of this study are supported by proof of concept experiments, including de-icing in an icing wind tunnel, demonstrating that Lamb waves can efficiently remove ice layers covering large LN substrates. Results indicate that the de-icing mechanism may differ for Lamb waves or R-SAWs and that the wavelength must be considered as an important parameter for controlling the efficiency.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1002/adem.202401820
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Textile microfibers valorization by catalytic hydrothermal carbonization toward high-tech carbonaceous materials
Parrilla-Lahoz, S; Zambrano, MC; Pawlak, JJ; Venditti, RA; Reina, TR; Odriozola, JA; Duyar, MSiScience, 27 (2024) 111427 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111427
Abstract
Microplastics fibers shed from washing synthetic textiles are released directly into the waters and make up 35% of primary microplastics discharged to the aquatic environment. While filtration devices and regulations are in development, safe disposal methods remain absent. Herein, we investigate catalytic hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as a means of integrating this waste (0.28 million tons of microfibers per year) into the circular economy by catalytic upcycling to carbon nanomaterials. Herein, we show that cotton and polyester can be converted to filamentous solid carbon nanostructures using a Fe-Ni catalyst during HTC. Results revealed the conversion of microfibers into amorphous and graphitic carbon structures, including carbon nano- tubes from a cotton/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mixture. HTC at 200 degrees C and 22 bar pressure produced graphitic carbon in all samples, demonstrating that mixed microfiber wastes can be valorized to provide potentially valuable carbon structures by modifying reaction parameters and catalyst formulation.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111427
Reactividad de Sólidos
Alloy exsolution in co-doped PrBaMn2-xTMxO5+δ (TM = Co and/or Ni) obtained by mechanochemistry
Gotor, FJ; Sayagués, MJ; Zamudio-García, J; Marrero-Löpez, D; García-García, FJJournal of Power Sources, 623 (2024) 235395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235395

Abstract
Doped-PrBaMn2-xTMxO5+delta samples with TM = Co and/or Ni were synthesized by a mechanochemical route from stoichiometric oxide precursor mixtures (Pr6O11, BaO2, MnO, NiO and CoO) using a planetary mill at 600 rpm for 150 min. A disordered ABO(3) pseudocubic perovskite phase was obtained after the milling process that was transformed, as established by XRD, into the double layered AA'B2O5+delta perovskite phase after annealing at 900 degrees C in a reducing atmosphere (10%H-2/Ar). The microstructural characterization by SEM, TEM, and HRTEM ascertained that this reducing treatment induced the exsolution of Ni and Co metallic nanoparticles from the doped samples. Ni-Co alloys were even exsolved when the layered manganite phase was co-doped with both transition metals. It was confirmed that the exsolution process was reversible by switching the working atmosphere from reducing to oxidizing. Polarization resistance values of the doped samples determined in symmetrical cells in air and H-2, as well as the electrochemical performance of electrolyte LSGM-supported planar cells suggested that these samples can be used as symmetrical electrodes in SOFCs.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235395
Materiales y Procesos Catalíticos de Interés Ambiental y Energético
Multifunctional Heterogeneous Cobalt Catalyst for the One-Pot Synthesis of Benzimidazoles by Reductive Coupling of Dinitroarenes with Aldehydes in Water
del Rio-Rodríguez, JL; Gutiérrez-Tarriño, S; Chinchilla, LE; Holgado, JP; Villar-Garcia, IJ; Pérez-Dieste, V; Calvino, JJ; Oña-Burgos, PChemsuschem (2024) e202402141 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202402141

Abstract
The endeavor of sustainable chemistry has led to significant advancements in green methodologies aimed at minimizing environmental impact while maximizing efficiency. Herein, a straightforward synthesis of benzimidazoles by reductive coupling of o-dinitroarenes with aldehydes is reported for the first time in aqueous media while using a non-noble metal catalyst. This work demonstrates that the combination of nitrogen and phosphorous ligands in the synthesis of supported heteroatom-incorporated Co nanoparticles is crucial for obtaining the desired benzimidazoles. The process achieves >99 % conversion, >99 % chemoselectivity and stability for the reduction of dinitroarenes using water as the solvent and hydrogen as the reductant under mild reaction conditions. The robustness of the catalyst has been investigated using several advanced techniques such as HRTEM, HAADF-STEM, XEDS, EELS, and NAP-XPS. In fact, we have shown that the introduction of N and P dopants prevents metal leaching and the sintering of the cobalt nanoparticles. Finally, to explore the general catalytic performance, a wide range of substituted dinitroarenes and benzaldehydes were evaluated, yielding benzimidazoles with competitive and scalable results, including MBIB (94 % yield), which is a compound of pharmaceutical interest.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202402141
Materiales Coloidales
Decontamination and Circular Economy of Dredged Material and Mining Waters Using Adiabatic Sonic Evaporation and Crystallization (ASEC) Technology
Delvalls, TA; Blasco, J; Vera, S; Nuñez, NO; Bonnail, EApplied Sciences-Basel, 14 (2024) 11593 DOI: 10.3390/app142411593
Abstract
Dredged material is a common environmental and economic issue worldwide. Tons of highly contaminated material, derived from cleaning the bottoms of bays and harbours, are stored until depuration. These volumes occupy huge extensions and require costly treatments. The Ria of Huelva (southwest Spain) receives additionally high metal contamination inputs from the Odiel and Tinto Rivers which are strongly affected by acid mine drainage (acid lixiviates with high metal content and sulphates). These two circumstances convert the port of Huelva into an acceptor/accumulator of contamination. The current study proposes an alternative active treatment of dredged material and mining residues using ASEC (Adiabatic Sonic Evaporation and Crystallization) technology to obtain distilled water and valuable solid conglomerates. Different samples were depurated and the efficiency of the technology was tested. The results show a complete recovery of the treated volumes with high-quality water (pH similar to 7, EC < 56 mu S/cm, complete removal of dissolved elements). Also, the characterization of the dried solids enable the calculation of approximate revenues from the valorization of some potentially exploitable elements (Rio Tinto: 4 M, Tharsis: 3.7 M, dredged material: 2.5 M USD/yr). The avoidance of residue discharge plus the aggregated value would promote a circular economy in sectors such as mining and dredging activities.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.3390/app142411593
Nanotecnología en Superficies y Plasma
Plasma power-to-X (PP2X): status and opportunities for non-thermal plasma technologies
Sun, J et al.Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, 57 (2024) 503002 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ad7bc4
Abstract
This article discusses the 'power-to-X' (P2X) concept, highlighting the integral role of non-thermal plasma (NTP) in P2X for the eco-friendly production of chemicals and valuable fuels. NTP with unique thermally non-equilibrium characteristics, enables exotic reactions to occur under ambient conditions. This review summarizes the plasma-based P2X systems, including plasma discharges, reactor configurations, catalytic or non-catalytic processes, and modeling techniques. Especially, the potential of NTP to directly convert stable molecules including CO2, CH4 and air/N2 is critically examined. Additionally, we further present and discuss hybrid technologies that integrate NTP with photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and biocatalysis, broadening its applications in P2X. It concludes by identifying key challenges, such as high energy consumption, and calls for the outlook in plasma catalysis and complex reaction systems to generate valuable products efficiently and sustainably, and achieve the industrial viability of the proposed plasma P2X strategy.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ad7bc4
Nanotecnología en Superficies y Plasma
Current Trends on Advancement in Smart Textile Device Engineering
Behera, SA; Panda, S; Hajra, S; Kaja, KR; Pandey, AK; Barranco, A; Jeong, SM; Vivekananthan, V; Kim, HJ; Achary, PGRAdvanced Sustainable Systems, 8 (2024) 2400344 DOI: 10.1002/adsu.202400344
Abstract
Smart textiles represent a revolutionary approach to wearable technology with applications ranging from healthcare to energy harvesting. This review paper explores the importance of textile technologies and highlights their potential to revolutionize consumer electronics. Conventional technologies are sometimes heavy, and lack comfort and flexibility, but smart textiles seamlessly integrate into everyday clothing, improving wearability and user experience. The article emphasizes the need for sustainable sourcing and environmentally friendly production methods, as well as responsible manufacturing and disposal practices. Manufacturing techniques such as wet spinning, melt spinning, electrostatic spinning, weaving, knitting, and printing are detailed and shed light on their role in incorporating electronics into textiles. Several applications of textile-based devices are being explored, including biochemical sensing, temperature monitoring, energy harvesting, energy storage, and smart displays. Each application demonstrates the versatility and potential of smart textiles in different areas. Despite optimistic progress, challenges remain, from improving energy efficiency to protecting user privacy and data security. The review analyzes these problems and suggests future improvements, including interdisciplinary collaboration to find new solutions. Finally, an overview of the current state of smart textiles provides the future of this technology. It serves as an in-depth reference for academics and readers interested in understanding recent advances and discoveries in textile technologies, highlighting the importance of this rapidly growing industry.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1002/adsu.202400344
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Carbonylation Reactions Using Single-Atom Catalysts
Jurado, L; Posada-Pérez, S; Axet, MRChemCatChem, 16 (2024) 24 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202400543
Abstract
The development of highly efficient and selective catalysts for carbonylation reactions represents a significant challenge in catalysis. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have postulated as promising candidates able to combine the strengths of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. In this paper, we review recent advances in tailoring solid supports for SACs to enhance their catalytic performance in carbonylation reactions. We first discuss the effect of supports on the hydroformylation reaction catalysed by SACs, followed by recent advances for methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl ether carbonylation reactions, focusing on the design of halide-free catalysts with improved activity and stability. Finally, oxidative carbonylation is discussed. Overall, this review highlights the importance of tailoring solid supports for SACs to achieve highly active and selective catalysts in carbonylation reactions, paving the way for future developments in sustainable catalysis.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202400543
Materiales Semiconductores para la Sostenibilidad
Better together: Monolithic halide perovskite@metal-organic framework composites
Avila, E; Salway, H; Ruggen, E; Çamur, C; Rampal, N; Doherty, TAS; Moseley, ODI; Sstranks, SD; Faren-Jimenez, D; Anaya, MMatter 7 (2024) 4319-4331 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.08.022

Abstract
The instability and limited scalability of halide perovskites hinder their long-term viability in applications as X-ray detectors. Here, we introduce a sol-gel ship-in-bottle approach to produce a monolithic perovskite@metal-organic framework (MOF) composite, combining the properties of the individual building blocks and enhancing density, robustness, and stability. By tuning seed particles below 100 nm, we achieve highly crystalline, dense composites with up to 40% perovskite loading. Structural and optical characterization unveils perovskite nanocrystals forming within MOF mesopores, maximizing stability and preventing degradation, maintaining over 90% photoluminescence and structural integrity after weeks of exposure to humidity, heat, and solvents. Proposed as an innovative class of scintillator, these monolithic perovskite@MOFs attenuate X-rays efficiently and exhibit outstanding stability under high radiation doses equivalent to 110,000 typical chest X-rays, with a radioluminescence lifetime of 10 ns, outperforming commercial scintillators. This approach offers vast potential for developing high-performance, cost-effective, and stable devices for radiation detection and other optoelectronic applications.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.08.022
Reactividad de Sólidos
Fine-grained BCZT piezoelectric ceramics by combining high-energy mechanochemical synthesis and hot-press sintering
Sayagues, MJ; Otero, A; Santiago-Andrades, L; Poyato, R; Monzón, M; Paz, R; Gotor, FJ; Moriche, RJournal of Alloys and Compounds, 1007 (2024) 176453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.176453
Abstract
Different stoichiometries of lead-free BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3-Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 (BCZT) prepared by mechanosynthesis and sintered by either conventional sintering (CS) or hot pressing (HP) techniques were studied to establish the dependence of piezoelectric and dielectric properties on sintering parameters and microstructure. All synthesized stoichiometries showed a pseudocubic perovskite phase with homogeneously distributed A- and B-cations in the structure. The BCZT retained the pseudocubic symmetry after sintering and an average grain size <1.8 m was obtained in all cases. HP sintering hindered the secondary phase segregation observed in the CS ceramics and increased the relative density. Piezoelectric coefficients (d33) ranging from 5.1 to 21 pC/N and from 10.0 to 88.0 pC/N were obtained for CS and HP ceramics, respectively, despite the pseudocubic symmetry and the fine grain size. The higher d33 values for the HP ceramics are a consequence of the higher density, better chemical homogeneity and lower sintering temperature and time required for the mechanosynthesized BCZT powders with high sintering activity.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.176453
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Investigation of Sn Promoter on Ni/CeO2 Catalysts for Enhanced Acetylene Semihydrogenation to Ethylene
Sun, XM; Wu, RD; Nawaz, MA; Meng, S; Guan, T; Zhang, C; Sun, CY; Lu, ZH; Zhang, RB; Feng, G; Ye, RPInorganic Chemistry, 63 (2024) 24313-24330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c04254

Abstract
Ethylene, as an important chemical raw material, could be produced through the coal-based acetylene hydrogenation route. Nickel-based catalysts demonstrate significant activity in the semihydrogenation reaction of acetylene, but they encounter challenges related to catalyst deactivation and overhydrogenation. Herein, the effect of Sn promoter on Ni/CeO2 catalysts has been comprehensively explored for acetylene semihydrogenation. The optimized Ni/8%Sn-CeO2 catalytic performance was significantly improved, with 100% acetylene conversion and 82.5% ethylene selectivity at 250 degrees C, and the catalyst maintained high catalyst performance within a 1000 min stability test. A series of characterization tests show that CeO2 modified by moderate Sn4+ doping is more conducive to modulating the charge structure and geometry of the Ni active center. Additionally, the in situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy and density functional theory results indicated that catalysts doped with Sn4+ facilitated more efficient desorption of ethylene from the catalyst surface compared to Ni/CeO2 catalysts, thus improving ethylene selectivity and yield. This study highlights an effective strategy for improving the catalytic performance of rare-earth-based catalysts through the incorporation of effective metal promoters.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c04254
Reactividad de Sólidos
Processability and properties of cubic-BaTiO3/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites for additive manufacturing: From powder compounding to 3D-printed parts
Moriche, R; Donate, R; Otero, R; Otero, A; Santiago-Andrades, L; Monzón, E; Sayagués, MJ; Monzón, M; Paz, RPolymer Composites (2024). DOI: 10.1002/pc.29434
Abstract
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is a piezoelectric and thermoplastic material with great potential for additive manufacturing (AM) applications. Using barium titanate (BaTiO3) as filler, PVDF-based composite materials were developed, characterized, and processed by AM material extrusion (MEX). The morphological features and phase transformations occurring throughout the processing of BaTiO3-filled PVDF, from the compounding to the printed part, were analyzed. The morphology of the powder feedstock after dispersion in a high-energy ball mill changed from spheroidal to laminar and β-phase formation was favored. Microhardness gradually increased with the BaTiO3 content, obtaining an enhancement of ~60% for a content of 25 vol%, and supported the good dispersion of the filler. A ~48% increase of the dielectric permittivity was also achieved. After extrusion, filaments with a filler content of 15 vol% showed a more stable diameter, as well as higher crystallinity and surface roughness, compared with those with lower BaTiO3 contents. Material extrusion of filament and direct printing of pellets based on MEX were successfully used to obtain AM parts. Composite parts showed enhanced surface roughness, hydrophilicity, and flexural modulus (up to ~33% for the 7 vol% composite compared with the PVDF), thus leading to superior mechanical characteristics and potential biomedical applications.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1002/pc.29434
Materiales de Diseño para la Energía y Medioambiente
Influence of the chemical activation with KOH/KNO3 on the CO2 adsorption capacity of activated carbons from pyrolysis of cellulose
Lamata-Bermejo, I; Alba, MD; Ramírez-Rico, JJournal of Envieronmental Chemical Engineering, 12 (2024) 114288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.114288
Abstract
Plant biomass is an attractive precursor to prepare activated carbons with high surface area for CO2 adsorption due to its low-cost and easy regeneration. Despite this interest, there are still remaining questions regarding the optimal processing conditions and the choice of activating agent. Moreover, since plant biomass shows a highly variable proportion of different biopolymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin), it is important to understand the activation effect on each constituent. In this work, carbons obtained from pyrolysis of cellulose were activated using two potassium salts, using two different activation temperatures. The samples were characterized to elucidate the influence of the activation conditions on their CO2 adsorption capacity. In general, all the carbons activated at higher temperature showed higher adsorption capacity. These results are comparable with other carbons derived from biomass described in the bibliography. Among the activated carbons studied, the carbon activated only with KOH exhibits the highest CO2 adsorption capacity at 1 bar meanwhile the highest adsorption capacity at saturation pressure belongs to the carbon activated with larger ratio of KNO3.
December, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.114288
Reactividad de Sólidos
Influence of the atmosphere on the formation of high-entropy oxides within the Co–Cu–Fe–Mg–Mn–Ni–O system via reactive flash sintering
Manchón-Gordón, AF; Lobo-Llamas, C; Molina-Molina, S; Perejón, A; Sánchez-Jiménez, PE; Pérez-Maqueda, LACeramics International, 50 (2024) 42276-42285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.08.073
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of preparing quinary equimolar high-entropy oxides within the Co–Cu–Fe–Mg–Mn–Ni–O system was explored using the reactive flash sintering (RFS) technique. Various compositions were tested using this technique under atmosphere pressure, leading to the formation of two primary phases: rock-salt and spinel. Conversely, a new high-entropy oxide was produced as a single-phase material with the composition (Co0.2,Cu0.2,Mg0.2,Mn0.2,Ni0.2)O when RFS experiments were conducted in nitrogen atmosphere. The reducing conditions achieved in nitrogen enabled the incorporation of cations with oxidation states different from +2 into the rock-salt lattice, emphasizing the critical role of the processing atmosphere, whether inert or oxidizing, in the formation of high-entropy oxides. The electrical characterization of this material was obtained via impedance spectroscopy, exhibiting a homogeneous response attributed to electronic conduction with a temperature dependence characteristic of disordered systems.
November, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.08.073
Materiales Ópticos Multifuncionales
Intense and Stable Blue Light Emission From CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 Heterostructures Embedded in Transparent Nanoporous Films
Romero-Pérez, C; Delgado, NF; Collado, MH; Calvo, ME; Mïguez, HAdvanced Optical Materials, 12 (2024) 2400763 DOI: 10.1002/adom.202400763
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are attractive for light emitting devices both as electroluminescent and color-converting materials since they combine intense and narrow emissions with good charge injection and transport properties. However, while most perovskite nanocrystals shine at green and red wavelengths, the observation of intense and stable blue emission still remains a challenging target. In this work, a method is reported to attain intense and enduring blue emission (470–480 nm), with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 40%, originating from very small CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (diameter < 3 nm) formed by controllably exposing Cs4PbBr6 to humidity. This process is mediated by the void network of a mesoporous transparent scaffold in which the zero-dimensional Cs4PbBr6 lattice is embedded, which allows the fine control over water adsorption and condensation that determines the optimization of the synthetic procedure and, eventually, the nanocrystal size. The approach provides a means to attain highly efficient transparent and stable blue light-emitting films that complete the palette offered by perovskite nanocrystals for lighting and display
November, 2024 · DOI: 10.1002/adom.202400763
Materiales de Diseño para la Energía y Medioambiente
Poly(Ionic) Liquid-Enhanced Ion Dynamics in Cellulose-Derived Gel Polymer Electrolytes
Paiva, TG; Klem, M; Silvestre, SL; Coelho, J; Alves, N; Fortunato, E; Cabrita, EJ; Corvo, MCChemSusChem (2024). DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401710

Abstract
Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are regarded as a promising alternative to conventional electrolytes, combining the advantages of solid and liquid electrolytes. Leveraging the abundance and eco-friendliness of cellulose-based materials, GPEs were produced using methyl cellulose and incorporating various doping agents, either an ionic liquid (1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [Pyr14][TFSI]), its polymeric ionic liquid analogue (Poly(diallyldimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) [PDADMA][TFSI]), or an anionically charged backbone polymeric ionic liquid (lithium poly[(4-styrenesulfonyl)(trifluoromethyl(S-trifluoromethylsulfonylimino) sulfonyl) imide] LiP[STFSI]). The ion dynamics and molecular interactions within the GPEs were thoroughly analyzed using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Heteronuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy (HOESY), and Pulsed-Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Diffusion (PFG-NMR). Li+ transference numbers (tLi+) were successfully calculated. Our study found that by combining slow-diffusing polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) with fast-diffusing lithium salt, we were able to achieve transference numbers comparable to those of liquid electrolytes, especially with the anionic PIL, LiP[STFSI]. This research highlights the influence of the polymer ' s nature on lithium-ion transport within GPEs. Additionally, micro supercapacitor (MSC) devices assembled with these GPEs exhibited capacitive behavior. These findings suggest that further optimization of GPE composition could significantly improve their performance, thereby positioning them for application in sustainable and efficient energy storage systems.
November, 2024 · DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401710
Reactividad de Sólidos
Structural, Mo<spacing diaeresis>ssbauer and magnetic study of (Mn0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2X0.2) Fe2O4 (X=Fe, Mg) spinel high-entropy oxides fabricated via reactive flash sintering
Manchón, AF; Almanza-Vergara, GE; Molina-Molina, S; Perejón, A; Blázquez, JS; Sánchez-Jiménez, PE; Pérez-Maqueda, LAJournal of the European Ceramic Society, 44 (2024) 116686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.116686
Abstract
Herein, it is reported the concomitant synthesis and sintering in a single step of (Mn0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2X0.2)Fe2O4 (X=Fe, Mg), a spinel-structured high-entropy oxides, by the reactive flash sintering technique. A single phase, identified with a spinel crystal structure Fd3m, was obtained in just 30 min at a furnace temperature of 1173 K. The structural and magnetic properties of the prepared compounds were assessed by the combined use of various techniques, aiming to understand the correlations between functional properties and crystal structure. Characteristic features of the Mossbauer spectra prove the existence of different nonequivalent Fe environments . Both compositions display soft magnetic behavior, characterized by low coercive fields and saturation magnetization reached at low fields. Thus, the substitution of nonmagnetic Mg2+ for magnetic Fe2+ results in a decrease in magnetic parameters due to the weakening of the super-exchange interaction among the magnetic moments.
November, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.116686
Nanotecnología en Superficies y Plasma
P-functionalization of Ni Fe − Electrocatalysts from Prussian blue analogue for enhanced anode in anion exchange membrane water electrolysers
Ricciardi, B; Da Silve Freitas, W; Mecheri, B; Luque-Centeno, JM; Alegre, C; Sebastián, D; Lázaro, MJ; DÈpifanio, AChemical Engineering Journal, 12 (2024) 32 DOI: 10.1002/adom.202400763

Abstract
Efficient hydrogen generation from water-splitting is widely acknowledged as a priority route to promote the hydrogen economy. Anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWE) offer multiple advantages in improving performance and minimizing the cost limitations of current electrolysis technologies. However, the persistence of issues related to the limited electrocatalytic activity of such materials and their poor stability under operating conditions makes developing highly active, stable, platinum-group-metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) necessary. We report the development of Prussian blue analogues (PBA)-derived NiFe-based electrocatalysts through a mild aqueous phase precipitation method, followed by thermal stabilization and phosphorus doping. The formation of the NiFe-PBA-precursor with a framework nanocubic Ni(II)[Fe(III)(CN)6]2/3 structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma analysis. The NiFe-PBA-precursor was subjected to thermal stabilization and phosphorus doping to provide the material with enhanced OER catalytic activity and stability. The existence of OER active sites based on NiFe and NiFeP has been revealed by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical characterization in a three-electrode cell configuration in a 1 M KOH electrolyte. NiFe-PBA and NiFeP-PBA were assembled at the anode side of an AEMWE, resulting in an excellent electrochemical performance both in terms of current density at 2.0 V using 1 M KOH (1.21 A cm−2) and durability, outperforming the benchmark catalyst.
November, 2024 · DOI: 10.1002/adom.202400763
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Influence of vanadium species on the catalytic oxidation of glucose for formic acid production
Álvarez-Hernández, D; Ivanova, S; Penkova, A; Centeno, MACatalysis Today, 441 (2024) 114906 DOI: DOI10.1016/j.cattod.2024.114906

Abstract
VOx/TiO2 catalysts with various theorical monolayer values have been prepared and used to study, for the first time, the effect of vanadium loading in the selective oxidation of glucose to formic acid. Monomeric or isolated vanadia species dominate at low loadings, evolving into polymeric chains at higher concentrations, while crystalline V2O5 is observed at loadings over the theoretical monolayer value. Their characterization by XRD, BET, ICP, DRIFTS, Raman, UV–vis, H2-TPR and NH3-TPD reveal distinct physicochemical characteristics influenced by the formed vanadia species, impacting sample acidity, reducibility, and catalytic activity. All catalysts exhibit significant activity, forming formic acid as the main product in the liquid phase and reaching a peak formic acid yield of 42 %. Post-reaction analysis reveals that the leaching-prone crystalline V2O5 compromises catalyst stability while isolated vanadia species demonstrate superior catalytic activity and leaching resistance. The findings of this study provide a strong basis for the development of a heterogeneous vanadia catalyst with improved interaction with the support.
November, 2024 · DOI: DOI10.1016/j.cattod.2024.114906
Materiales Coloidales
Zn2-xGeO4-GeO2:(x)Mn2+ films with long persistence, intense brightness and high quantum efficiency, deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis
Calderón-Olvera, RM; Mendoza-Pérez, R; Arroyo, E; García-Hipólito, M; Falcony, C; Alvarez-Zauco, EOptical Materials, 157 (2024) 116132 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116132
Abstract
This work shows the synthesis and characterization of the Zn2-xGeO4-GeO2:(x)Mn2+ (x = 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50 at.%) films using the Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) technique. These films were deposited at 500 degrees C and heat treated at 800 degrees C for 13 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements showed the rhombohedral and hexagonal phases of Zn2-xGeO4 (78.8 %) and GeO2 (21.2 %), respectively. SEM micrographs exhibited the surface morphology of these films. The STEM and HAADF show Ge, Zn, and O atomic layers. In addition, XPS was carried out to observe the oxidation states of Mn2+ (75.4 %) and Mn3+ (24.6 %) for the films doped with Mn ions (0.10 at.%). Incorporating manganese ions into the Zn2-xGeO4-GeO2 host lattice generated an extremely green emission, exciting at 250 nm. The photoluminescence and persistence luminescence properties were studied in accordance with the manganese doping concentration. For photoluminescence, it was found that the optimal doping percentage was 0.25 at.%, and for persistence luminescence, it was 0.10 at.% Mn with lambda(ex) = 250 nm. Quantum efficiency measurements gave a result of 100 %. In addition, preliminary CL measurements were exhibited.
November, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116132
Reactividad de Sólidos
Stability and performance of BTC-based MOFs for environmental applications
Rodríguez-Esteban, C; Ayala, R; López-Cartes, CJournal of Solid State Chemistry, 339 (2024) 124956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2024.124956

Abstract
Two series of open metal site MOFs, HKUST-1 and MIL-100(Fe), have been successfully prepared using different methods of synthesis. Their features depend on the synthetic route as well as their role play in different environmental applications. The stability and performance of these BTC-based MOFs have been tested bearing in mind Congo Red (CR) removal, humidity adsorption and iodine capture and release. HKUST-1 and MIL-100(Fe) samples could offer a remarkable role in the adsorption of CR from aqueous solutions. However, the lability of HKUST-1 in water is revealed as a drawback for its reutilization in both static and agitation conditions. The former contrasts to the stability under ambient moisture. MIL-100(Fe) shows promising properties in both CR adsorption in aqueous solutions and humidity adsorption. Nonetheless, the performance largely depends on the synthesis conditions. Although CR removal is based on surface interaction, there is a relation between the adsorpted quantity and the specific surface area. The size and nature of iodine allows the diffusion in the pores of both HKUST-1 and MIL-100(Fe) MOFs. This way, the uptake of iodine is driving by the porosity and surface area of samples rather than their inherent nature. As a rule, the results of this work indicate that not only is it important the specific nature of the MOF chosen for a given application but also the way in which it has been synthesized and the conditions in which they are used. MIL-100(Fe)-R is revealed as the best suitable candidate to be used as a sorbent for CR in aqueous solutions, moisture and I2 gas.
November, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2024.124956
Reactividad de Sólidos
Advancements in the integration and understanding of the Sestak-Berggren generalized conversion function for heterogeneous kinetics
Roventa, I; Pérez-Maqueda, LA; Rotaru, AJournal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 149 (2024) 11493-11506 DOI: 10.1007/s10973-023-12727-8
Abstract
Kinetic models are relevant to describe heterogeneous kinetic processes; a number of kinetic models and their mathematical expressions have been reported in the literature, many of these based on idealistic conditions in terms of geometrical constrain and driving forces. Alternatively, the semi-empirical Sestak-Berggren (SB) conversion function, which was proposed as a general equation, encompasses a large variety of equations corresponding to different kinetic models. Despite the fact that the SB equation does not provide any physical meaning, it is extremely useful for kinetic analysis as it offers a good fit to experimental data even when they do not follow the ideal conditions assumed for the conventional kinetic models. One limitation of the SB kinetic model is the fact that its conversion function cannot be analytically integrated to provide an exact solution; thus, it cannot be directly applied in kinetic integral methods. The objective of this study aims to propose some solutions for some specific cases, while the mathematical limits for the values of the kinetic exponents m, n, p of the SB model and their validity are also explored. Further ideas for improving the SB equation or finding an alternative for a superior conversion function were explored in this work.
October, 2024 · DOI: 10.1007/s10973-023-12727-8
Tribología y Protección de Superficies
Microstructural and mechanical properties of TiN/CrN and TiSiN/CrN multilayer coatings deposited in an industrial-scale HiPIMS system: Effect of the Si incorporation
Sala, N; De Figueiredo, MR; Franz, R; Kainz, C; Sánchez-López, JC; Rojas, TC; De los Reyes, DF; Colominas, C; Abad, MDSurface & Coatings, Technology, 494 (2024) 131461 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131461
Abstract
Surface engineering through the deposition of advanced coatings, particularly multilayer coatings has gained significant interest for enhancing the performance of coated parts. The incorporation of Si into TiN coatings has shown promise for improving hardness, oxidation resistance, and thermal stability, while high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) has emerged as a technique to deposit coatings with exceptional properties. However, TiN/CrN and TiSiN/CrN coatings deposited by HiPIMS remain relatively unexplored. In this study, different TiN/CrN and TiSiN/CrN multilayer coatings with different bilayer periods from 5 to 85 nm were deposited using an industrial-scale HiPIMS reactor, and their microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated using advanced characterization techniques. Results revealed successful deposition of smooth and compact coatings with controlled bilayer periods. X-ray diffraction analysis showed separate crystalline phases for coatings with high bilayer periods, while those with smaller bilayer periods exhibited peak-overlapping and superlattice overtones, especially for the TiN/CrN coatings. Epitaxial grain growth was confirmed by highresolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). HRTEM and electron energy-loss spectroscopy measurements confirmed Si incorporation into the TiN crystal lattice of TiSiN/CrN coatings reducing the crystallinity, especially for coatings with smaller bilayer periods. Nanoindentation tests revealed that coatings with a bilayer period of 15-20 nm displayed the highest hardness values regardless of the composition. The mechanical properties of the TiSiN/CrN coatings showed no improvement over those of the TiN/CrN coatings, attributed to the Si induced amorphization of the Ti(Si)N phase and the absence of SiNx phase segregation within the TiN nanocrystals in these coatings. These findings provide valuable insights into the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiN/CrN and TiSiN/CrN multilayer coatings deposited by HiPIMS in an industrial scale reactor, paving the way for their application in various industrial sectors.
October, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131461
Materiales y Procesos Catalíticos de Interés Ambiental y Energético
Application of novel Zn-MIL53(Fe) for removal of micropollutants using an activated peroxymonosulphate system
Terrón, D; Holgado, JP; Giráldez, A; Rosales, E; Sanromán, MA; Pazos, MJournal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.113403
Abstract
Novel zinc-doped Metal-Organic Framework based on MIL53(Fe) (Zn-MIL53(Fe)) has been successfully synthesised in one-step, exhibiting dual applications as adsorbent and catalyst. Initially, the adsorption capacity of MIL53(Fe) and Zn-MIL53(Fe) for removing Rhodamine B was assessed through kinetic and isotherm studies. The bimetallic variant exhibited superior performance, showcasing enhanced adsorption capabilities, particularly in the context of its physical interaction under natural pH. After that, the catalytic activity of both synthesised materials was evaluated to generate sulphate radicals by activating PeroxyMonoSulphate (PMS). It was also demonstrated that Zn-MIL53(Fe) exhibited the best catalytic activity being optimised using response surface methodology for Rhodamine B degradation (0.11 mM PMS and 43.2 mg Zn-MIL53(Fe)). Under optimal conditions, favourable outcomes were attained, facilitating the degradation of Rhodamine B, Fluoxetine, and Sulfamethoxazole by 93, 99, and 75 %, respectively. Furthermore, the operational stability of the Zn-MIL53(Fe) was verified, as it remains structurally and catalytically intact after different cycles.
October, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.113403
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Impact of the biogas impurities on the quality of the precipitated calcium carbonate in the regenaration stage of a chemical absorption biogas upgrading unit
Salinero, J; Fernández, LMG; Portillo, E; González-Arias, J; Baena-Moreno, FM; Navarrete, B; Vilches, LFJournal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 12 (2024) 113868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.113868
Abstract
Combining Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) with producing competitive secondary raw materials is key to decarbonizing industry and reducing resource extraction. Biogas upgrading to biomethane stand out as an alternative, but a significant gap remains in integrating this process within a circular economy framework. This issue has been recently addressed by a process that integrates biogas upgrading via caustic absorption with the production of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) and the recovery of sodium hydroxide from waste brine solution using membrane technologies. The profitability of this approach depends on the quality of the PCC, a critical factor that this work addresses. By characterizing PCC is determined whether trace compounds in biogas contaminate the PCC and potentially affect its commercial value. It also examines the CO2 absorption process and analyzes the aqueous samples from the filtration phase of the PCC slurry. Results confirm the high purity of PCC obtained from biogas treatment using Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The analyses show that the PCC is pure calcium carbonate, mainly in the stable calcite form, with a typical tetrahedral morphology and no detectable impurities. Characterization of aqueous solutions revealed organic trace compounds from biogas, with TOC concentrations of 9.7 (+/- 6.4) and 16.0 (+/- 8) mg C/l. Silicon measurements showed similar concentrations in the absorbent solution and filtrated PCC slurry. Additionally, ammonia escapes as gas, and hydrogen sulfide in the biogas likely contributed to sulfate salt formation. Analysis of the COQ absorption shows a first-order reaction with OH-, where the amount of COQ absorbed (46.3-50.0 g) closely matches the theoretical value of 48 g. The study reveals that most of the biogas impurities dissolve into the aqueous solution, being crucial for future studies and downstream membrane treatments, and the PCC is unaffected by these impurities with a purity suitable for commercial applications.
October, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.113868
Materiales Ópticos Multifuncionales
Strong Grain Boundary Passivation Effect of Coevaporated Dopants Enhances the Photoemission of Lead Halide Perovskites
Justin, IAK; Tiede, DO; Piot, M; Forzatti, M; Roldán-Carmona, C; Galisteo-López, FJ; Míguez, H; Bolink, HJACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 16 (2024) 61305-61313 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c13434

Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate that coevaporated dopants provide a means to passivate buried interfacial defects occurring at perovskite grain boundaries in evaporated perovskite thin films, thus giving rise to an enhanced photoluminescence. By means of an extensive photophysical characterization, we provide experimental evidence that indicate that the codopant acts mainly at the grain boundaries. They passivate interfacial traps and prevent the formation of photoinduced deep traps. On the other hand, the presence of an excessive amount of organic dopant can lead to a barrier for carrier diffusion. Hence, the passivation process demands a proper balance between the two effects. Our analysis on the role of the dopant, performed under different excitation regimes, permits evaluation of the performance of the material under conditions more adapted to photovoltaic or light emitting applications. In this context, the approach taken herein provides a screening method to evaluate the suitability of a passivating strategy prior to its incorporation into a device.
October, 2024 · DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c13434
Nanotecnología en Superficies y Plasma
Analysis of the impact of remote oxygen plasma treatment on the surface chemistry and electrochemical properties of graphite felt electrodes for redox flow batteries
Murillo-Herrera, LM; Mingoes, CJ; Obrero-Pérez, J; Sánchez-Valencia, JR; Thielke, MW; Barranco, A; Jorge Sobrido, ABEnergy Advances, 3 (2024) 2503-2511 DOI: 10.1039/d4ya00383g

Abstract
The effects of a remote oxygen plasma (ROP) treatment on the surface of commercial graphite felts were investigated and compared against a conventional thermal treatment. In contrast to methodologies where the sample is directly exposed to the plasma, ROP allows for a high control of sample-plasma interaction, thereby avoiding extensive etching processes on the fibre surface. To assess the impact of ROP treatment time, the electrodes were subjected to three different periods (10, 60, and 600 seconds). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the ROP treatment introduced nearly three times more surface oxygen functionalities than the thermal treatment. Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed a significant increase in amorphous carbon domains for the ROP samples. The thermal treatment favoured increases in graphitic defects and resulted in an order of magnitude larger ECSA compared to the ROP treated materials despite having lower content in oxygen functionalities. The electrochemical analysis showed enhanced charge-transfer overpotentials for GF400. The ROP samples exhibited a lower mass-transport overpotential than the thermally treated material and had similar permeabilities, which overall translated to the thermal treatment offering better performance at fast flow rates. However, at slow flow rates (similar to 10 mL min-1), the ROP treatment for the shortest period offered comparable performance to conventional thermal treatment.
Remote oxygen plasma is compared to conventional thermal activation of electrodes for flow batteries and their impact on the mass transport and charge transfer properties of the resulting carbons.
October, 2024 · DOI: 10.1039/d4ya00383g
Nanotecnología en Superficies y Plasma
Triboelectric pixels as building blocks for microscale and large-area integration of drop energy harvesters
Ghaffarinejad, A; García-Casas, X; Núñez-Gálvez, F; Budagosky, J; Godinho, V; López-Santos, C; Sánchez-Valencia, JR; Barranco, A; Borrás, ADevice, 3 (2024) 100566. DOI: 10.1016/j.device.2024.100566

Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are the most promising technology for harvesting energy from low-frequency liquid flows and impacts such as rain droplets. However, current drop energy harvester technologies suffer from low output power due to limitations in triboelectric materials, suboptimal device designs, and the inability to fully capture the kinetic energy of falling drops. This article introduces a microscale TENG capable of efficiently converting drop impact energy into electrical power in a single, rapid step. The device features a capacitive structure that enhances energy conversion through instantaneous capacitance changes when the drops contact the submillimetric top electrodes. This compact design establishes a path toward the development of dense arrays and rain panels and is adaptable to various liquids, scales, triboelectric surfaces, and thin-film configurations, including flexible and transparent materials.
October, 2024 · DOI: 10.1016/j.device.2024.100566
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