Scientific Papers in SCI
2022
2022
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass-Gasification Mixtures Using Ni-Fe/ MgAl2O4 as a Bifunctional Catalyst
Tarifa, P; Reina, TR; González-Castaño, M; Arellano-Garcia, HEnergy & Fuels, 36 (2022) 8267-8273
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![](https://icms.us-csic.es/sites/icms.us-csic.es/files/ef2c01452_0008.png)
Biomass gasification streams typically contain a mixture of CO, H-2, CH4, and CO(2 )as the majority components and frequently require conditioning for downstream processes. Herein, we investigate the catalytic upgrading of surrogate biomass gasifiers through the generation of syngas. Seeking a bifunctional system capable of converting CO2 and CH4 to CO, a reverse water gas shift (RWGS) catalyst based on Fe/MgAl(2)O(4 )was decorated with an increasing content of Ni metal and evaluated for producing syngas using different feedstock compositions. This approach proved efficient for gas upgrading, and the incorporation of adequate Ni content increased the CO content by promoting the RWGS and dry reforming of methane (DRM) reactions. The larger CO productivity attained at high temperatures was intimately associated with the generation of FeNi3 alloys. Among the catalysts' series, Ni-rich catalysts favored the CO productivity in the presence of CH4, but important carbon deposition processes were noticed. On the contrary, 2Ni-Fe/MgAl2O4 resulted in a competitive and cost-effective system delivering large amounts of CO with almost no coke deposits. Overall, the incorporation of a suitable realistic application for valorization of variable composition of biomass-gasification derived mixtures obtaining a syngas-rich stream thus opens new routes for biosyngas production and upgrading.
August, 2022 | DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01452
Reactividad de Sólidos
Low-pressure calcination to enhance the calcium looping process for thermochemical energy storage
Ortiz, C; Carro, A; Chacartegui, R; Valverde, JM; Perejon, A; Sánchez-Jiménez, PE; Pérez-Maqueda, LAJournal of Cleaner Production, 363 (2022) 132295
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The Calcium-Looping (CaL) process, based on the multicyclic calcination-carbonation of CaCO3/CaO, is considered a promising Thermochemical Energy Storage (TCES) technology to be integrated into Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants. This work proposes a novel CaL integration that operates at low-pressure calcination under pure CO2 and a moderated temperature. Low-pressure calcination (0.01 bar) provides a suitable solution to mitigate CaO sintering and its consequent loss of reactivity in the carbonation stage. Since the temperature for quick calcination in a pure CO2 atmosphere is decreased (from around 950 °C at 1 bar to 765 °C at 0.01 bar), the energy losses at the receiver are minimised. In addition, a reduced calcination temperature allows for the use of metallic receivers already tested at the MW-scale, which significantly increases the CSP-CaL integration reliability. Moreover, multicycle CaO reactivity is promoted in short residence times, allowing the use of a simpler reactor design. Furthermore, there is an increase of 85% in the energy storage density of the system. The proposed plant proposes a smooth integration of the CaL process in CSP plants, with a moderate storage level and supported by a natural gas backup system (solar share higher than 50%). The results show that the solar thermal-to electric efficiency is above 30%.
August, 2022 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132295
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Structure effect of modified biochar in Ru/C catalysts for sugar mixture hydrogenation
Santos, JL; Sanz-Moral, LM; Aho, A; Ivanova, S; Murzin, DY; Centeno, MABiomass & Bioenergy, 163 (2022) 106504
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This study deals with the production and activation of biochars and their use as supports for a series of ruthenium catalysts for hydrogenation of L-arabinose/D-galactose sugar mixture. The synthesized biochars differ in physicochemical properties and surface chemistry influencing ruthenium metal uptake and dispersion and as a consequence its catalytic behaviour. Selectivity exceeding 95% was observed for both hexitols. The catalytic performance of the prepared Ru supported catalysts is also compared to the already known Ru/activated carbon commercial catalyst.
August, 2022 | DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106504
Química de Superficies y Catálisis
Recent advances on gas-phase CO2 conversion: Catalysis design and chemical processes to close the carbon cycle
Torres-Sempere, G; Pastor-Perez, L; Odriozola, JA; Yu, J; Duran-Olivencia, FJ; Bobadilla, LF; Reina, TRCurrent Opinion in Green andd Sustainable Chemistry, 36 (2022) 100647
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Chemical CO2 recycling in the gas phase constitutes a straightforward approach for effective CO2 conversion to added-value products like syngas or synthetic methane. In this scenario, some traditional processes such as the dry and bi-reforming of methane, the CO2 methanation and the reverse water-gas shift have gained a renewed interest from the CO2 utilisation perspective. Indeed, these reactions represent flexible routes to upgrade CO2 and their application at an industrial scale could substantially reduce CO2 emissions. The bottleneck for the implementation of these processes at the commercial level is the development of highly active and robust heterogeneous catalysts able to overcome CO2 activation and deliver sufficient amounts of the upgrading products (i.e. syngas or synthetic natural gas) at the desired operating conditions. This review paper gathers the most recent advances in the design of new catalytic formulations for chemical CO2 recycling in the gas phase and constitutes an overview for experts and newcomers in the field to get fundamental insights into this emerging branch of low-carbon technologies.
August, 2022 | DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100647
Materiales de Diseño para la Energía y Medioambiente
Flame confinement in biomass combustion systems for particles abatement
Ciria, D; Orihuela, MP; Moreno-Naranjo, P; Chacartegui, R; Ramirez-Rico, J; Becerra, JAEnergy Conversion and Management, 264 (2022) 115706
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This work explores the use of open-pore, inert ceramic foams with different pore sizes as particle abatement systems in small biomass combustion systems. Porous foams made of silicon carbide with pore sizes 10 to 60 pores-per-inch were installed in an in-house designed combustion unit operated with wood pellets. Their effects on the temperature distribution inside the chamber, particulate and gases emissions were studied using different airflow rates in the reaction-limited regime (low equivalence ratio) to minimise stoichiometric factors. The influence of pore size, foam position with respect to the flame and space velocity were assessed. The confinement of the flame with inert foams was found to substantially modify the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber, improve the air-fuel mixture, and favour the thermal decomposition of the pellet, leading to a reduction in particulate emissions when compared to free-flame combustion at the same experimental conditions. In general, the amount of particulate matter was found to decrease by up to one order of magnitude as the pore size of the foam was reduced, while the temperature gradient in the combustion chamber was increased. Nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide emissions were essentially unchanged, irrespectively of the pore size of the foam. It is expected that these values will be improved with longer residence times, as happens in operations with reduced excess air ratios. These results suggest that it is possible to control pollutants derived from domestic heating within the most restrictive current regulations on particulate emissions by integrating flame confinement designs with better operating practices and efficient abatement systems.
July, 2022 | DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115706
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